They were a newly independent country . After reading through this letter it is clear that Williams had a strong stance on An Open Letter to King Leopold II | Abagond The labour system is radically unpractical; the soldiers and labourers of your Majestys Government are very largely imported from Zanzibar at a cost of 10 per capita, and from Sierra Leone, Liberia, Accra and Lagos at from 1 to 1/10 per capita. FIFTHYour Majestys Government is excessively cruel to its prisoners, condemning them, for the slightest offences, to the chain gang, the like of which can not be seen in any other Government in the civilized or uncivilized world. It is not my duty to criticise the unlawful and unconstitutional use of these officers coming into the service of this African State. buying and selling of people both men, women and even children. Atrocious Facts About Belgium's King Leopold II, The - Factinate issue he stands on. The letter is dated from June 16, 1897. This letter is in a UK documentary about King Leopold. G. W. Williams, "An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II, King You can also contact us through the Contact Form on our website. Dont give him more than one cigarette. The third act was the gun trick. July 18th, 1890. is an information ministry that integrates theological reflection and practice, and uses dialogue as a catalyst for social change. There are only 2,300 soldiers in the Congo. 20072023 Blackpast.org. (1885) General Act of the Conference of Berlin, (1890) George Washington Williamss Open Letter to King Leopold on the Congo, (1947) W.E.B. 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TWELFTHThe agents of your Majestys Government have misrepresented the Congo country and the Congo railway. Rev. As to the significance of this move Europe and America can judge without any comment from me, especially England. I appeal to the Belgian people and to their Constitutional Government, so proud of its traditions, replete with the song and story of its champions of human liberty, and so jealous of its present position in the sisterhood of European Statesto cleanse itself from the imputation of the crimes with which your Majestys personal State of Congo is polluted. George Washington Williams wrote an open letter to the Serene Majesty Leopold II, King of the Belgians and Sovereign of the Independent State of Congo by Colonel. A letter to King Leopold II of all the injustices the government has committed against the people of the Congo under his rule. The letter helped sway European and American public opinion against the Congo regime. The cruel and unjust treatment to which these people are subjected breaks the spirits of many of them, makes them distrust and despise your Majestys Government. Using eyewitness accounts, letters, and official records, Williams became the first to shatter the kings carefully cultivated image of his rule of the African territory. All the sleight-of- hand tricks had been carefully rehearsed, and he was now ready for his work. I appeal to Anti-Slavery Societies in all parts of Christendom, to Philanthropists, Christians, Statesmen, and to the great mass of people everywhere, to call upon the Governments of Europe, to hasten the close of the tragedy your Majestys unlimited Monarchy is enacting in the Congo. The letter also pointed out that the government has done Allegations fly on social media, Volunteers to be paid 3,500 to get infected with coronavirus, Katy Perrys pregnancy and wedding plans with Orlando Bloom. . I was a little shocked reading some of the Three hundred Ntakabrassrod-is the price the State pays for a slave, when bought from a native. Against the deceit, fraud, robberies, arson, murder, slave-raiding, and general policy of cruelty of your Majestys Government to the natives, stands their record of unexampled patience, long-suffering and forgiving spirit, which put the boasted civilisation and professed religion of your Majestys Government to the blush. Well tried though, but were not ALL dumb. And all this upon the word of honour of a gentleman, I subscribe myself your Majestys humble and obedient servant. Mr. H. M. STANLEY, the man who was your chief agent in setting up your authority in this country, has grossly misrepresented the character of the country. Nor will this condition of affairs change until the native shall have been taught by the European the dignity, utility and blessing of labour. I have the honour to submit for your Majesty's consideration some reflections respecting the Independent . of Minas Gerais would sink. Teach the niggers to forget their heroes and to adore only ours. The laws printed and circulated in Europe for the Protection of the blacks in the Congo, are a dead letter and a fraud. In one war two Belgian Army officers saw, from the deck of their steamer, a native in a canoe some distance away. They thought it meant complete subjugation, and they fled in confusion. NINTH.-Your Majestys Government has been, and is now, guilty of waging unjust and cruel wars against natives, with the hope of securing slaves and women, to minister to the behests of the officers of your Government. There many of the members of the various boards are in the education field Shocked by the widespread brutal abuses and slavery imposed on the Congolese, he wrote an open letter to Leopold in 1890 about the suffering of the region's native inhabitants at the hands of the king's agents. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Her SECOND.Your Majestys Government has established nearly fifty posts, consisting of from two to eight mercenary slave-soldiers from the East Coast. Between 800 and 1,000 slaves are sold to be eaten by the natives of the Congo State annually; and slave raids, accomplished by the most cruel and murderous agencies, are carried on within the territorial limits of your Majestys Government which is impotent. ELEVENTH.Your Majestys Government has concluded a contract with the Arab Governor at this place for the establishment of a line of military posts from the Seventh Cataract to Lake Tanganyika territory to which your Majesty has no more legal claim, than I have to be Commander-in-Chief of the Belgian army. King Leopold's letter and the true purpose of Christian missionaries to history of African Americans in the United States and people of This was, however, an unusual case of generosity and clemency; and there is only one post that I know of where there is not to be found children of the civil and military officers of your Majestys Government abandoned to degradation; white men bringing their own flesh and blood under the lash of a most cruel master, the State of Congo. Open letter to King Leopold on Congo - Scribd justice, fortitude and patience. He wanted to help the Belgium King see how the natives IPGS . To avoid that, they get interested in it, and make you murderous competition and dream one day to overthrow you. By such means as these, too silly and disgusting to mention, and a few boxes of gin, whole villages have been signed away to your Majesty. Three shots were fired and the native fell dead, pierced through the head, and the trade canoe was transformed into a funeral barge and floated silently down the river. In French. Whenever children are born of such relations, the State maintains that the women being its property the child belongs to it also. Their letters never reach home. I have the honour to submit for your Majestys consideration some reflections respecting the Independent State of Congo, based upon a careful study and inspection of the country and character of the personal Government you have established upon the African Continent. Some of the charges It taxes all trading companies and exempts its own goods from export-duty, and makes many of its officers ivory-traders, with the promise of a liberal commission upon all they can buy or get for the State. Shortly before his death he travelled to King Leopold II's . personal bias and it came out in his writings. 1950s (London: Frank Cass and Company Limited, 1969). soldiers and the treatment of the women. No one can be prosecuted in the State of Congo without an order of the Governor-General, and as he refused to allow his servant to be arrested, nothing could be done. Why are Nigerians cooking with paracetamol? The propensity for violence is . If God punished Eve with painful childbirth, why do animals feel pain too? These poor natives are sent hundreds of miles away from their villages, to serve among other natives whose language they do not know. No white man commanded his rear column, and his troops were allowed to straggle, sicken and die; and their bones were scattered over more than two hundred miles of territory. 06/29/2020. EIGHTH.Your Majestys Government has violated the General Act of the Conference of Berlin by firing upon native canoes; by confiscating the property of natives; by intimidating native traders, and preventing them from trading with white trading companies; by quartering troops in native villages when there is no war; by causing vessels bound from Stanley-Pool to Stanley-Falls, to break their journey and leave the Congo, ascend the Aruhwimi river to Basoko, to be visited and show their papers; by forbidding a mission steamer to fly its national flag without permission from a local Government; by permitting the natives to carry on the slave- trade, and by engaging in the wholesale and retail slave-trade itself. Every twig represented a person in his village who died because of King Leopold's brutal regime in the Congo. 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The white brother took from his pocket a cigar, carelessly bit off the end, held up his glass to the sun and complaisantly smoked his cigar to the great amazement and terror of his black brother. And all this upon the word of honour of a gentleman, I subscribe myself your Majestys humble and obedient servant. Next came the lens act. I now appeal to the Powers which committed this infant State to your Majestys charge, and to the great States which gave it international being; and whose majestic law you have scorned and trampled upon, to call and create an International Commission to investigate the charges herein preferred in the name of Humanity, Commerce, Constitutional Government and Christian Civilisation. Your Majestys Government gives 3 per head for able bodied slaves for military service. From Leopoldville to NGombe, a distance of more than 300 miles, there is not a single soldier or civilian. This letter was a catalyst for an international outcry against the regime running the Congo, which had caused millions of deaths. Be the first one to, An open letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold III, King of the Belgians and Sovereign of the Independent State of Congo, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Such criticism will come with more grace from some Belgian statesman, who may remember that there is no constitutional or organic relation subsisting between his Government and the purely personal and absolute monarchy your Majesty has established in Africa. 6 Ibid, page 6 They know that to kill, to sleep with someone elses wife, to lie and to insult is bad. These recruits are transported under circumstances more cruel than cattle in European countries. What he witnessed, according to the American journalist and historian Adam Hochschild, was so brutal that, in a confidential letter, Williams accused King Leopold of crimes against humanity, decades before the term would reappear in the Nuremberg trials and . These poor creatures are frequently beaten with a dried piece of hippopotamus skin, called a chicote, and usually the blood flows at every stroke when well laid on. The above speech which shows the real intention of the Christian missionary journey in Africa was exposed to the world by Mr. Moukouani Muikwani Bukoko, born in the Congo in 1915. The other method is by capturing native women and condemning them to seven years servitude for some imaginary crime against the State with which the villages of these women are charged. without having to search in multiple areas for the information. CONCLUSIONS WhatsApp Only +2347014043648. . All rights reserved. and takes the bullet from his shoe! I have personally witnessed and examined their clumsy operations. W. Williams, of the United States of America," 1890. nothing to help the people of the Congo to be educated. AT THE BEGINNING of August 1890, several weeks after he wrote his furious Open Letter to King Leopold II, George Washington Williams finished the long return journey down the Congo River to the station of Kinshasa, on Stanley Pool. In the Lower Congo River there is but One post, in the cataract region one. In 1870 roughly 80 percent of Africa south of the Sahara Desert was governed by indigenous kings, chiefs, and other rulers. 60 years after independence, traces of the system of exploitation and violence that Leopold II and colonial-era Belgium created still remain in DR Congo. Utilizziamo i cookie per essere sicuri che tu possa avere la migliore esperienza sul nostro sito. These piratical, buccaneering posts compel the natives to furnish them with fish, goats, fowls, and vegetables at the mouths of their muskets; and whenever the natives refuse to feed these vampires, they report to the main station and white officers come with an expeditionary force and burn away the homes of the natives. Upon the arrival of the survivors in the Congo they are set to work as labourers at one shilling a day; as soldiers they are promised sixteen shillings per month, in English money, but are usually paid off in cheap handkerchiefs and poisonous gin. The soldiers who open the combat are usually the bloodthirsty cannibalistic Bangalas, who give no quarter to the aged grandmother or nursing child at the breast of its mother. ), and I was doomed to bitter disappointment. Your Majestys Government gives 3 per head for able bodied slaves for military service. 1890, s.n. W. Williams, of the United States of America," 1890. I have the honour to submit for your Majestys consideration some reflections respecting the Independent State of Congo, based upon a careful study and inspection of the country and character of the personal Government you have established upon the African Continent. Leopold II, French in full Lopold-Louis-Philippe-Marie-Victor, Dutch in full Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor, (born April 9, 1835, Brussels, Belgiumdied December 17, 1909, Laeken), king of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909. State soldiers patrol many villages forbidding the natives to trade with any person but a State official, and when the natives refuse to accept the price of the State, their goods are seized by the Government that promised them protection. was to expose atrocities and ask for change. Cross), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Give Me Liberty! George Washington Williams, 1889. Letter To King Leopold Analysis - 638 Words | Studymode W. Williams, of the United States of America, 1890 Good and Great Friend, I have the Read More(1890) George Washington Williamss Open Letter to King Leopold on the Congo, The Uganda Agreement of 1900 We, the undersigned, to wit, Sir Henry Hamilton Johnston, K.C.B., Her Majestys Special Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief and Consul-General for the Uganda Protectorate and the adjoining Territories, on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, Read More(1900) The Uganda Agreement, (1947) W.E.B. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. and how they treated the natives. During thirteen years only one white man has lost his life by the hands of the natives, and only two white men have been killed in the Congo. He pointed out in twelve charges against the Belgium Ferguson the aftermath: Why voting and voter registration is a non-solution! Your essential role is to facilitate the task of administrators and industrials, which means you will go to interpret the gospel in the way it will be the best to protect your interests in that part of the world. : an American History (Eric Foner), George Washington WilliamS OPEN Letter TO KING Leopold. George Washington William's Open Letter to King Leopold on t Every charge which I am about to bring against your Majestys personal Government in the Congo has been carefully investigated; a list of competent and veracious witnesses, documents, letters, official records and data has been faithfully prepared, which will be deposited with Her Britannic Majestys Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, until such time as an International Commission can be created with power to send for persons and papers, to administer oaths, and attest the truth or falsity of these charges. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. DuBois, An Appeal to the World : A Statement of Denial of Human Rights to Minorities in the Case of citizens of Negro Descent in the United States of America and an Appeal to the United Nations for Redress. Introduction There are in Read More(1947) W.E.B. that he brought fourth about the government and how they wronged the people of the Make them pay tax each week at Sunday mass. SEVENTH.Your Majestys Government is engaged in trade and commerce, competing with the organised trade companies of Belgium, England, France, Portugal and Holland. But to the surprise of every honest man, the thief was sheltered by the Governor General of your Majestys Government. There are from sixty to seventy officers of the Belgian army in the service of your Majestys Government in the Congo of whom only about thirty are at their post; the other half are in Belgium on furlough. British journalist E. D. Morel campaigned heavily to educate the world on this tragedy. There is no white commissioned officer at these posts; they are in charge of the black Zanzibar soldiers, and the State expects them not only to sustain themselves, but to raid enough to feed the garrisons where the white men are stationed. 1 had never been able to conceive of Europeans, establishing a government in a tropical country, without building a hospital; and yet from the mouth of the Congo River to its head-waters, here at the seventh cataract, a distance of 1,448 miles, there is not a solitary hospital for Europeans, and only three sheds for sick Africans in the service of the State, not fit to be occupied by a horse. I base this appeal upon the terms of Article 36 of Chapter VII of the General Act of the Conference of Berlin, in which that august assembly of Sovereign States reserved to themselves the right to introduce into it later and by common accord the modifications or ameliorations, the utility of which may be demonstrated experience. Discovering the website blackpast has provided a plethora of information on HENRY M. STANLEYS name produces a shudder among this simple folk when mentioned; they remember his broken promises, his copious profanity, his hot temper, his heavy blows, his severe and rigorous measures, by which they were mulcted of their lands. As I write, the news reaches me that these much- treasured and long-looked for materials of war are to be discharged at Basoko, and the Resident here is to be given the discretion as to the distribution of them. At length he appealed to the Governor-General, and he gave him the woman and thus the trader obtained the child also. I know of prisoners remaining in custody for six and ten months because they were not judged. MEETING MR. KURTZ. All the sleight-of- hand tricks had been carefully rehearsed, and he was now ready for his work. Have courage to admit it; you are not going to teach them what they know already. The primary source as the title suggests is an open letter Keen on establishing Belgium as an imperial power, he led the first European efforts to develop the Congo River basin, making possible the formation in 1885 of the . Posted on August 20, 2009 September 3, 2019 by contributed by: BlackPast. Cruelties of the most astounding character are practised by the natives, such as burying slaves alive in the grave of a dead chief, cutting off the heads of captured warriors in native combats, and no effort is put forth by your Majestys Government to prevent them. DR Congo: King Leopold's legacy - DW - 06/29/2020 In one war two Belgian Army officers saw, from the deck of their steamer, a native in a canoe some distance away. Every charge which I am about to bring against your Majestys personal Government in the Congo has been carefully investigated; a list of competent and veracious witnesses, documents, letters, official records and data has been faithfully prepared, which will be deposited with Her Britannic Majestys Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, until such time as an International Commission can be created with power to send for persons and papers, to administer oaths, and attest the truth or falsity of these charges.
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