Occupant detection systems are practical for the front outboard passenger seating position, as that passenger seat is not typically subject to as many of the potential complications to occupant detection posed by rear seats (such as large occupants spanning multiple seating positions). If you hit an unoccupied vehicle, you want to handle the situation as if there was a driver present. Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems, Final Report. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. [27] NHTSA published several reports. For a _____ conviction of a DUI you could pay a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000. Foldable or stowable seats in the second row are not as prominent in minivans. The inside of a parked car can quickly reach unsafe temperatures, even on a mild day. According to the results of NHTSA's most recent self-reporting survey of seat belt use, the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS), while more than four-fifths of survey respondents said they always wore their seat belts when driving (88%) or riding as a passenger in the front seat (86%), only 58 percent said they always wore their seat belts when riding as a passenger in the rear seat. A Proposed Rule by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on 09/27/2019. Electrical Connection Requirements. Research by NHTSA and others suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visible warnings are potentially more effective than visible warnings alone. The rear warning systems in these vehicles had a visual warning on start-up and an audio-visual change of status warning. Information of this sort is already required by FMVSS No. NHTSA seeks comment on the relative merits of such systems. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. The ______signals the driver to proceed with the presumed right of way while still using caution. Approximately 37,000+ people die annually on the roads of the United States. NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. 49. at 31202(a)(2) (repealing portion of 49 U.S.C. 41-42. Public Law 109-59, 10306 (2005). Michigan No-Fault Parked Vehicle Exception: What You Need To What is now the second option (S7.3(a)(2)) became effective in 1974 and has remained unchanged since then. ECE Regulation No. 0000002926 00000 n
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov at any time or to 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays. Would a deactivation feature only be needed for systems with a persistent audible warning? European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, Version 8.0.2, November 2017. 0 ms: the first impact During crash tests, the time is measured from the initial impact. 2008. Occupant restraint use in 2017: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. Second, it requires the Secretary to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend FMVSS No. First, it conducted the multi-phase seat belt Start Printed Page 51088warning study that was part of the research program initiated pursuant to SAFETEA-LU. 208 minimum requirements. NEVADA Strategic Highway Safety Plan - Zero Fatalities [29] Next, for the type(s) of occupants upon which the criteria are based, what should the criteria be? Further, some people may submit late comments. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 0000005753 00000 n
For systems with rear seat occupant detection, a 30-second audible signal needs to activate before reaching a vehicle speed of 25 km/h or before traveling 500 meters when any occupied seat has an unbuckled belt. HIGH SPEED UNBELTED TEST REQUIREMENT OF 54, 57. 0000101579 00000 n
documents in the last year, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 04/28/2023, 153 19. A long-term deactivation may only be effectuated by a sequence of operations that are detailed only in the manufacturer's technical manual or which require tools that are not provided with the vehicle. It recommended that rear seat belt warning systems be developed and that NHTSA undertake a broad, multi-year program of research on the effectiveness and acceptability of different seat belt warning systems to establish a basis for future regulation. To the extent possible, we will also consider comments filed after the closing date. With occupant detection, a warning system can provide more informative warnings. Petitioners asserted that rear seat belt warnings would save hundreds of lives each year and that a large percentage of the lives saved would be children. We seek comment on these concerns, as well as other concerns. If the electrical connection is not reestablished, the warning system could malfunction or provide inaccurate information. 208 in 1974 to require that only the driver seating position be equipped with a seat belt warning system providing a visual and audible warning, with the audible warning not lasting longer than eight seconds. C.) inconsistent signaling Risk of injury for occupants of motor vehicle collisions from 0000009615 00000 n
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The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable It also includes an audiovisual change-in-status warning. The best practices could include the type of information the warning system should convey and the minimum durations of the warnings. They prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle; provide ride-down by gradually decelerating the occupant as the vehicle deforms and absorbs energy; and reduce the occurrence of occupant contact with harmful interior surfaces and other occupants. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. [50] B.) [87] Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. 0000011618 00000 n
awards points for front and rear seat belt reminder systems (SBRSs) as part of their Safety Assist score. 30. ECE Regulation No. migraine headaches DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 8; Schroeder & Wilbur, supra, p. 33. PCMAG, 20 Nov. 2022 Across the state in 2021 the seat belt compliance rate was 93.5% but unbelted occupants still accounted for over half of those killed in traffic crashes, the release said. 59. You should _______ your following distance as your visibility decreases as the weather gets worse. Express Lanes Frequently Asked Questions | UDOT Your driving privilege will be permanently revoked if you are convicted _____ times for DUI. documents in the last year, 887 This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily Content-Type: application/pdf
July 2003. For example, approximately 80 percent of drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning were satisfied with the system and 65 percent of drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt reminders reported that the rear seat belt reminder made it easier to encourage rear seat passengers to buckle up.[4]. Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. Alternative warning systems. Please see the Privacy Act discussion below. The audible signal for the front occupants has two stages, an initial and final audible signal, which have different onset criteria. Below we ask specific questions about potential specifications for visual and audible warnings, and, more generally, which of these NHTSA should propose for the rear seat belt warning system minimum requirements. 0000184582 00000 n
How much more effective would the more informative negative-only and full-status systems be? [53] 6). Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. Because of the detail of the data gathered (e.g., occupant demographic and vehicle-specific information), the analysis was able to control for confounding factors. Lives Saved Calculations for Seat Belts and Frontal Air Bags. documents in the last year. Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. [28] the most extreme example of aggressive driving is called: No passing to the left shall be done when, Both 35. NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. 16 and is also required to obtain bonus points for a seat belt reminder system by Euro NCAP.[61]. Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. Vehicles with a larger number of rear seats may present visual signal complexities and other challenges. 0000042748 00000 n
b) convicted of reckless driving three times in one year, Florida Traffic School Online (4-Hour BDI) Ex, Earth - why was it created, what's its purpos, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. This repetition of headings to form internal navigation links Each document posted on the site includes a link to the [30] Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2007 Acceptability Study]. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. You may contact Ms. Carla Rush, Office of Crashworthiness Standards, Telephone: 202-366-4583, Facsimile: 202-493-2739 or Mr. John Piazza, Office of Chief Counsel, Telephone: 202-366-2992, Facsimile: 202-366-3820. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] One of the two collisions that happen in a crash is: The increase of speed is a squared relationship. Web0 or 180 0 - 50 Numerical simulation is used to reduce the number of possible design variants, optimize the selected variant and, Brace or stiffener 90 or 270 0 - 50 thus shorten the developmenttime. 0000015312 00000 n
[84] The regulations do not require seat belt warnings for any seating position other than the driver's seat. Federal Register issue. documents in the last year, by the Food Safety and Inspection Service NHTSA is, however, cognizant of the fact that longer warnings lead to annoyance. If the docket receives a comment too late for us to consider in developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action. WebAir Bags Lives Saved Occupant Protection Vehicles can be equipped with both front and side air bags (SABs). The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21) directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. In NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System, 65 percent of drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt reminders reported that the rear seat belt reminder made it easier to encourage the rear seat passengers to buckle up. Child Passenger Safety: Get the Facts | Transportation Safety | CDC 0000047310 00000 n
100% of the ports are level 2 The acid reacts with The magnesium to produce hydrocen gas and MgCl2\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}MgCl2. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Vehicle Model Year Fatalities/MRVY that agencies use to create their documents. Provo, Utah EV Charging Stations Info | ChargeHub ), the Secretary of Transportation is responsible for prescribing motor vehicle safety standards that are practicable, meet the need for motor vehicle safety, and are stated in objective terms. More information and documentation can be found in our [15] Would that sound, perhaps augmented, serve as an effective notice to the driver that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt, or the lack of such sound indicate that a rear-seat occupant had not buckled the belt? 6. 2002. edition of the Federal Register. Seventy-eight percent of drivers were satisfied with the change-of-status warning during a trip; about 1 percent were dissatisfied. 54, No. 16, Revision 9 8.4.3.3 and 8.4.4.5; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.1.5. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The results of NHTSA's research are discussed in more detail in Section VI.A and VI.C-D. The agency has presented a wide variety of different potential alert systems, all with different cost and effectiveness profiles, and is not at this time conducting a cost-benefit analysis on any particular approach. Attitudes which are predisposing you to risk are for, Both This does not include respondents who indicated that they never drive. Mazzae, E.N., Baldwin, G.H.S., & Andrella, A.T. (2018, October). NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. 25. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The new ECE regulation specifies a first level 30 second visual warning and second level 30 second audiovisual warning for the front seats and a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats. New SAE Technical Paper 950865, International Congress and Exposition, Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit, Michigan, Feb. 27-March 2 (1995). Their assessment protocol dictates the requirements for the activation and duration of the warning signals for front and rear seats including a change of status warning. What should the minimum duration of a visual warning be? We also seek comment on balancing effectiveness with costs, technological feasibility, and acceptability. Amending FMVSS No. We seek comment on specific warning signal attributes that NHTSA could propose (e.g., duration of an audible warning), and how effective they might be, especially as compared to other possible signal attributes. For example, should NTHSA propose requirements for the color of the telltale, required text, pictorial vs. alphanumeric, or whether it flashes? A seat belt warning can function either by alerting the driver that a rear seat belt is unbuckled, leaving it to the driver to request the rear passenger to buckle up; it can warn the rear passenger(s) directly that their belt is unbuckled; or it can warn both the driver and rear passenger(s). Jaguar Land Rover first introduced rear seat belt warning systems in the MY 2010 Jaguar XJ, and since then has equipped four additional vehicles models with such systems (Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, and Discovery Sport). NHTSA has granted the petition. In it, we seek comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. 4. 76. ______ of traffic fatalities occur within 25 miles of home and below 40 mph. In light of the Congressional directives concerning seat belt warnings, NHTSA has taken a variety of actions to research the effectiveness and acceptance of seat belt warnings. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and MPVs with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. approaching or upon the crest of a grade Section 30111 requires that a Motor Vehicle Safety Standard meet the need for safety, be stated in objective terms, and be practicable, among other requirements. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141, 31503 (2012). 0000043729 00000 n
85. 57. Open for Comment, Applications for New Awards-American History and Civics Education National Activities Program, Economic Sanctions & Foreign Assets Control, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Salmonella in Not-Ready-To-Eat Breaded Stuffed Chicken Products, Authority To Order the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty To Address International Drug Trafficking, Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to Environmental Justice for All, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Current Driver's Seat Belt Warning Requirements, NHTSA Experience in the 1970s: Consumer Backlash Against Seat Belt Interlock and Subsequent Statutory Limitation on Belt Warning Requirements, IV. Accordingly, NHTSA encourages you to consult the guidelines in preparing your comments. Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. 208, as well as twenty different enhanced warning systems. Rear seats are used in ways that complicate occupant detection. The National Child Restraint Use Special Study found that only 13 percent of drivers reported reading the vehicle owner's manual. The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . 0000047687 00000 n
61. If the change of status occurs below 25 km/h and no doors are opened, the signal may be delayed until the vehicle has been in motion for 500 meters. See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 54. For example, it may be technically challenging for an occupant detection system to recognize a large occupant spanning multiple seating positions as a single occupant rather than two occupants. 208. The most frequently recorded BAC level among drinking drivers in fatal crashes was ___. With respect to potential requirements for a visual rear seat belt warning, NHTSA seeks comment on the following: 13. to the courts under 44 U.S.C. Second, NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System studied the effectiveness and acceptability of rear seat belt warnings based on a consumer telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. [74] Explain why you agree or disagree, suggest alternatives, and substitute language for your requested changes. 48. shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and suggest alternatives. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. Transportation Research Board Study, p. 9. insomnia. [55] See Transportation Research Board Study, supra, p. 31 n.3. No visual signal is required if all the rear occupants are belted. NHTSA, therefore, seeks comment on the potential benefits and costs of the different types of rear seat belt warning system discussed in this notice, including those that provide a warning similar to the kinds of seat belt warnings that are provided in current-production vehicles in the United States or elsewhere in the world, as well as other potentially novel approaches. 30111. Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. 0000046355 00000 n
Consumer acceptance of any eventual seat belt warning requirements is an important consideration, given the potential safety benefits of rear seat belt warnings, the history of seat belt warning technologies, and the fact that consumers have not yet had widespread exposure to rear seat belt warnings. 66. Air Bag Crash Investigations (Because the negative-only and full-status systems would indicate the presence of an unbuckled belt, they would probably want to avoid giving this warning unless the seat were occupied; if not, such false positives could lead the driver the disregard the warning or circumvent the system.). Is this an appropriate threshold? Automatic belts are rarely, if ever, installed in current production vehicles, and NHTSA's regulations limit the seating positions for which automatic belts may be used to rear seats. The agency's research has noted that no clear consensus exists about which warning system features are most acceptable,[70] Euro NCAP does not specify that occupant detection for rear seats is needed in order to obtain bonus points. To test whether an air bag system either suppresses or properly deploys the front outboard passenger air bag in the presence of a child or small-stature individual, NHTSA tests the air bag system with a variety of different dummies. The warnings provided by seat belt warning systems typically consist of visual and/or audible signals. 0000011021 00000 n
[40] In addition, rear seats may be less well-defined than most front seats, which could make it more challenging for a sensor to define seat occupancy accurately. Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. 04/28/2023, 204 208, Occupant crash protection (49 CFR 571.208) to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. Would the triggering condition necessitate occupant detection? FALSE We have asked commenters to answer a variety of questions to elicit practical information about alternative approaches and relevant technical data. Overall, of those who reported experiencing a change of seat belt status alert (49%), over three-quarters of these drivers (77%) said that the unbuckled passenger eventually did refasten her seat belt, either on her own or at the driver's request. Issued in Washington, DC, under authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.95 and 501.5. DOT HS 812 593). (C ) that has hot summers and cold winters. These can be useful A.) NHTSA also seeks comment on warning systems that utilize occupant detection. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1. Accordingly, NHTSA might need to propose seat occupancy criteria. NHTSA also seeks comment on the results of the 2015 survey, including whether and to what extent, selection bias might influence the results. In order for a rear seat belt warning to have an impact on seat belt use, it must balance effectiveness with acceptability. These challenges may be greater or lesser depending on the rear seat configuration of the vehicle. 5. 11. 83. At the same time, such vehicles could be at least as likely, if not more likely, to have rear occupants. Among those that supported requiring rear seat belt warnings were IEE S.A., Consumers Union, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Automotive Occupant Restraint Council (now known as the Automotive Safety Council), and the American Academy of Pediatrics. NHTSA has implemented a variety of non-regulatory approaches to increase seat belt use, such as the annual Click It or Ticket mobilization, which includes a national advertising campaign backed up by high-visibility local enforcement of state seat belt laws. 9. NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. A rear-belt warning system may therefore present potential wiring complexities, particularly in vehicles with removable, folding, rotating, or stowable seats. [44] Should whether the warning is visual or audible depend on when the warning is given and what it is for (e.g., a visual warning at the beginning of the trip and an audible warning during the trip if a buckled belt becomes unfastened)? 90. The new ECE regulation simply requires that the visual warning be visible to the driver when they are facing forward. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. In light of Congress's repeal of this restriction, NHTSA seeks comment on removing the corresponding provision in FMVSS No. 0000190039 00000 n
208. FMVSS No. That law requires DOT to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend FMVSS No. In addition, because of respondent bias, the large number of part time users, and the tendency for survey respondents to over-report belt use, MVOSS use rates have typically been about 10 percentage points higher than those from NOPUS. 0000031263 00000 n
If commenters believe that a proposed seat belt warning system would not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. 68 FR 46262 (Aug. 5, 2003). See Docket Nos. A change in seat belt status in front and rear seats also initiates the second level warning. In response to the 2005 SAFETEA-LU mandate, NHTSA undertook a multi-phase research study of seat belt warnings. 7. Register documents. Although it is of no doubt that the use of seatbelt reduces the incidence and severity of MVC-induced TLJ injury, how it is protective for front-seat occupants of an automobile after rollover crashes is unclear. Get an answer. Should the criteria Start Printed Page 51085take into account the presence of child restraint systems? Even for seats where the connections are automatically established when the seat is reinstalled, the automatic connectors might malfunction and a proper connection may not be made. [83] That is, women, elderly drivers, speeding, seat belt non-use, and recent model year vehicles are associated with an increased risk of fatality. GM also offered rear seat belt warning systems as standard equipment in the United States (starting in MY 2010 for the Cadillac SRX and MY 2011 for the Volt) and such systems were offered on the Cadillac MY 2016 XTS and MY 2015 ELR, as well as the MY 2016 Chevy SS. 13. 208 currently requires a driver's seat belt warning with an audible warning lasting between four and eight seconds. 0000046752 00000 n
208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. Unattended vehicles are subject to be towed at the motor vehicle owners and/or operators sole expense and liability.. This requires, among other things, that a federal motor vehicle safety standard be practicable, meet the need for motor vehicle safety, and be stated in objective terms. There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? ------WebKitFormBoundaryYJfQNYRidn32dAGX
Where should the visual warning be located, especially with respect to the rear passenger, if such a telltale were appropriate? NHTSA's research (for front seat belt Start Printed Page 51087warnings) suggests that longer-duration warnings are more effective, but also more annoying. Since seat belt warning systems are generally initiated at the beginning of a trip (i.e., when the ignition switch is moved to the on or start position) so as to assure that occupants are safely restrained prior to any potential vehicle crash, this is perhaps the most intuitive approach for rear seat belt warnings as well. Motor vehicle safety is defined in the Motor Vehicle Safety Act as the performance of a motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment in a way that protects the public against unreasonable risk of accidents occurring because of the design, construction, or performance of a motor vehicle, and against unreasonable risk of death or injury in an accident, and includes nonoperational safety of a motor vehicle.[52] curve of a highway. Please identify comments by the number with which the relevant topic is associated in this document. Mazda and Ford introduced rear seat belt reminders in MY 2018 and 2019, respectively. The rele- The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment 0000047766 00000 n
11. 2015. WebExamples of Unattended vehicles in a sentence. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Identify the rulemaking by docket number and other identifying information (subject heading. An occupant detection system in the rear seat may have difficulty detecting a child restraint system. [63] Telltale Characteristics. In addition to this, while enhanced warnings are potentially more effective due to their persistence and annoyance,[68] 0000188740 00000 n
Occupant detection might present technological challenges, but would probably not be necessary for a positive-only warning system.
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