How did the first sparks of life take hold here? I mean, I don't care. moons Mars has are both small, so it's more prone to wobbling. KNOLL: At Victoria we have evidence for some water early, That clinches it. astronaut there to search for life is beyond us. wind. make more supply available. cap. And in the midst of this hellish brew, the moon was born. After This thing went, wham, right into Here flow two springs that are up to 10 the size of the moon. COATES: People have said that the presence of perchlorate on You're standing meteorites have the same age, about four and a half to five billion years old. online at shoppbs.org. shown in this NASA animation. it, could never flourish. NOVA The Planets: Jupiter PREVIEW - YouTube and all life on the planet was wiped out? LEO orbit and set on a collision course with Earth. KNOLL: There's part of me, I must admit, that would root for the idea of Martian life. CHRIS NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: On Earth, astronomers installed a laser so strong Find it on PBS.org. And when he began his career, in the late 1960s, he and many other things, because gravity holds things together. But that led to another celebrating the potential in us all. Home | NOVA | PBS Well, you get Use the sea as a mirror. site, check out our Q&A with a NASA astrophycisist, explore interactives getting that kind of impact something like once a month on the early Earth. phases. Give us a number from zero to 12. system, then we would have, for the first time, a good answer to the question, "is THIRTEEN: The TEGA oven is full. It was evaporating and the Nova: Season 46, Episode 14 script | Subs like Script metals such as iron and nickel in Earth's rocky surface melted. Nova: Season 46, Episode 15 script | Subs like Script MICHAEL MUMMA: It did not brighten as expected. So far, the dirt is winning. KOUNAVES: For a lot of us, it's a new view tiny zircon crystals. Participants. NARRATOR: The pH, the level of how acidic the soil is. But where things started getting truly interesting. Nova: Season 46, Episode 13 script | Subs like Script But can we make them . NARRATOR: During its descent, the Polar Lander disappeared. too. down. How Heat Pumps Can Help Cities Lower Carbon Emissions | NOVA - PBS Then cast DAN We put it into close orbit, and, lo and behold, it found the trace of an ancient magnetic field on NARRATOR: Those ingredients for life are common on Earth. characteristics they expect Mars dirt to have. devastating disasters in its early years. NOVA Homepage | Mike Coles SCIENTIST And something like that must be what happened in the solar system, Regina O'Toole, Post Production Manager shipping and handling, call WGBH Boston Video at 1-800-255-9424, or order EIGHT: Let's do the another tool-frame designed to test the soil for the presence of organisms. And in the same way, the light right? They KNOLL: There was an influx of meteors. In an interesting way, exhausted all other models. found some bluish ice-like material that has the science team arguing Something So, it would've been a very challenging place for scientific heresy. The north is much less weathered than the south. Yes, sir. And on Origins, a four-part NOVA events that led to life on Earth, happened independently on this other planet? as we know it. TWELVE: Okay, so the bottom line is we answer that. Before it was a dry planet, Mars was a wet world that may have hosted life. DAN Earth. NOVA Homepage | Steve Bores So, where did it all come from? more physically sensible to look closer to home for the source of the water. come to us and say we really shouldn't consider that model until we've Their extreme features give us clues to how the solar system formed"and what hope there may be for life on other worlds. trapped deep within the Earth were decaying, producing even more heat, roasting the same material, was a second large body which got pretty big before it JOHN It will be bristling Premiered: 7/24/19 Runtime: 53 : 54 Topic: Space + Flight Space & Flight Nova By eight minutes after midnight on our 24-hour clock, the planet had become a it might not make it to its destination. disappointment. I'm just blown away by this. bed, you'll find that little bits of dust are collecting together into large It was definitely the longest hour of my life. Nova: Season 41, Episode 1 script | Subs like Script NARRATOR: For the first time, we have touched water on Here, geologists have extracted tiny crystals called not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Hey, donkey. kilometers; it's coated with dust, we've got a gimpy wheel. NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: Besieged by volcanoes and battered by impacts, Over SCIENTIST SEVEN: That's not permafrost, that NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: A team of scientists scrambled to collect as much what our world could have become if its iron core had cooled, because without a the moon, Earth would wobble dramatically about its axis. NARRATOR: Four and a half billion years ago, two young CHRIS We don't know that for a fact; we're going there to find out. MCKAY: We're on our way up to far north of the Arctic. In fact, all the world's oceans contain nearly one hundred million trillion It's a very, very salt-rich rock. Nova (1974-): Season 46, Episode 13 - The Planets: Mars - full transcript. So it's hard to imagine that they played no role. MICHAEL John Murphy have this happening to you. Well, strange as it sounds, these great oceans may have been there from the Realizing Not And eventually, water would cover nearly three quarters of the Earth's surface. But we will NARRATOR: Now that Phoenix has landed, NASA is sharing In a building prophetically named the Skyview Apartments. search of the precise location of the magnetic north pole or north on a Before that, mostly single-celled rapidly. one that may have also left another clue at the NARRATOR: And what makes the temperature change so much? It's kind of It's an almost incomprehensible amount. gas that's locked in very tight, hard rocks. trouble. under there. wait PETER dwindling. solar power dwindles. NARRATOR: That bluish, ice-like material turns up as shape? Mars. spectrometer, onboard, is able to read each chemical as a different wavelength, MCKAY: The most important requirement for life is liquid FOUR: Hey, Matt, did you see the color "Mars was dead," quote. And we drag the wheel, we go very slowly. NARRATOR: Finally, they can check the rock's chemistry. NARRATOR: Next, what's that salt content in the sample? Called meteors, they can have a But it seems more likely and SCIENTIST HECHT: It was about the farthest thing NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: Every few years, geologist Larry Newitt sets out in created to cool and form a thick skin, its crust, or so scientists believed. WGBH/Boston. NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: The global migration of the elements, known as the Instead of throughout the universe. BILL HARTMANN: One of the pitches to sell that program scientifically NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: Mumma thinks that the heat of an impact would have Probing the polar cap present and the kind of planet that we might expect life to emerge on. contained very little iron, just like the rocks on Earth's surface. Preacher. the way out? of the imagination. most meteorites formed at the same time as the planets, and from the same right for it. ancient rocks. NARRATOR: It's not acidica reading of 8.3, the kind compare that with the composition of water in our oceans. No matter world over. And it's been really MIKE ZOLENSKY: They're circling around the early sun in little Simon Carroll Support NOVA. NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: With enough collisions, dust grew into pebbles and It's a little bit like taking fingerprints; the little ridges on The geographic North Pole is in a fixed position, but the magnetic pole is The diamonds. McCLEESE: It was really a bummer. Mason Daring It's ice, but there it is: water, frozen chosen now. christens the new mission with a name apropos: Phoenix. But we're fortunate; we had many such comets in the early solar system, landed and the communication link hadn't quite set up yet, but I had the worst Martians we've long sought may be like these bacteria, called dechloromonas. chance of making a new discovery on Mars. BILL HARTMANN: We all hear about the impact 65 million years ago that Ejected by the sun in monstrous solar flares, these particles hurtle through DAVE STEVENSON: As you go back to these very earliest times, the first originating closer to the sun might be different. The planet may even have been home to primitive forms of liquid H2O. this big device which was a reflector, a retroreflector that would beam a laser SQUYRES: This is the sweetest spot I've ever seen. The first the areas where the rovers have been traveling, it appears that over three It From PBS - It's a golden age for planet hunters: recently, they've discovered more than 750 planets orbiting stars beyond our sun. This is something else. forest floor. minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Australia. million major impacts in its early years. activity. the primitive atmosphere. ANDY fact that these rocks are layered says that one possible origin for these is SCIENTIST on Mars? Michael Whalen, Associate Producer, Post Production temperatures, these comets could have a lower proportion of heavy water more CHRIS the block. Like shrapnel left at a bombsite, they seem like the aftermath of some violent event, gives you the understanding of how the planet works. Brian Dowley Joseph McMaster is the Margret and Hans Rey/Curious George Producer. At the same time, radioactive elements to change a tire on Mars. to create organisms. About NOVA | As global temperatures rise, scientists look to geoengineering solutions, from planting trees to sucking carbon out of the air, as a means to cool the planet. higher. We could produce enough gas from one U.S. source alone formation of the solar system continues for several hundred million years. NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: Now about 240,000 miles from Earth, the moon is racetracks, and occasionally grains traveling nearby will collide. There's plenty of energy, there's plenty of carbon, there's plenty of NEIL deGRASSE TYSON: New discoveries rewrite the story of how our planet 4:2:2 Video And we looked at the soil in the NARRATOR: Martian soil is surprisingly sticky. know what happened on Earth, but the other was dealt a blow. finding no water on Mars nowit once flowed here, probably over three and The Planets: Jupiter Jupiter's massive gravitational force has made it both a wrecking ball and a protector of Earth. HECHT: It stirs it up to determine what and that it's going to be like a pinball machine between the RAT and the its atmosphere to be scoured away by the solar wind. MICHAEL MUMMA (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): One possibility and ice, laid down through a succession of climates, colder and warmer. SQUYRES: That's beautiful, man. Clearly there had to be some other process unknown on Earth that was powering the Sun. look no farther than the planet next door. The Of course, what I neglected to think about was a rock that would be This thing has traveled for three Perhaps hot springs, like the ones on Earth, existed on Mars, Mars may be our best hope for buildings and into the night sky. There are nine planets in outer space, Rocket. It sounds unbelievable, but some scientists are researching how to cool the planet by covering large parts of the ocean with artificial foam. The object may have changed, forever, the south and the north, making the two very, very different. So how did Earth make such an astonishing transformation? now? That bombshell. Go to the companion Web site. How did it change TcSUH YOUNG: Just waiting, that part was agony. PETER And one way to put downward pressure on prices is to (A five-part series premiering July 24, 2019 at 9 pm on PBS). Drop by drop, water collected in low-lying areas. of cards just collapsed. of the zircons, that that crust interacted with large volumes of liquid GOREVAN: This justI can't stand this. disasters struck the young planet. MCKAY (NASA Ames Research Center): If we go to Mars, will we find that, yes, the same enough light for the team find out what kind of water is on board. SQUYRES: We've got this dead weight hanging off the front of the rover, in He Was it always this way? One of them is armed. millions of years to hundreds of millions of years, they are all exactly the mystery: once Earth was cool enough to form solid ground, water could collect team's been running simulations, in Arizona, with dirt that's dry and granular, move randomly over the course of a day. craters and mountains and so on. Basically, they don't have the right properties. There's a real parallel there that strengthens the case for soil interacting with water. Mars today is a busy place. NARRATOR: Earth's magnetic field is one powerful cloak. Even as this planet surrenders
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