In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 dinars) was of a total number of (484) including (233) participated in the voting with (48.1 per cent) in the same category. (2018), Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Journal of Social Science Education, Vol. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. Only a small number of people, generally under one-quarter of those eligible, participate in local, county, and state elections. Over 25 percent of the public gave money to a cause and 17 percent contributed to a presidential candidate in 2008 (Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2008). However, there have not been great fluctuations in turnout since the institution of universal suffrage in 1920. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Putnam, R. D., Bowling Alone: Americas Declining Social Capital (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000). The social environment definitely has an impact on political participation. 2, pp. The study concluded that, Although the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional and legal amendments in Jordan, which gave women equal rights with men, and allowing engagement in political parties and civil activities, there was a gap in the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections due to some demographic factors (gender and age), economic factors (family income) and some social factors (regional affiliation). Political participation is action that influences the distribution of social goods and values (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). In recent decades, political participation amongst People who have a strong sense of political efficacy, are For many people, voting is the primary means of taking part in politics. The pool of eligible voters has expanded from primarily white, male property owners at the founding to include black men after the Civil War, women after 1920, and eighteen- to twenty-year-olds after 1971. elections, according to the decision in Citizens United v. This was consistent with the studies of Brady et al. 107-123. It affects both the quality and amount of participation. Therefore, the Jordanian leadership showed more interest in expanding political participation by declaring the return of parliamentary life and resuming the parties activities after a suspension that lasted for many years, as well as establishing civil organizations. Even activities that on the surface do not seem to have much to do with politics can be a form of political participation. Thus, the ratio of voting in the elections differed according to the difference between poor and rich people, where the ratio of voters who have wealth and enjoy social welfare is high. Much is made about low levels of voter turnout for presidential elections in the current era. Forty-nine percent of the voting-age public cast a ballot in the 1924 presidential contest, the same percentage as in 1996. Given the development of the Jordanian women's political participation, before 1974, Jordanian women had no right to vote and run in the elections. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). Turnout in states that have Election Day registration averages ten points higher than in the rest of the country (Wolfinger & Rosenstone, 1980). Political scientists measure how US political behavior, attitudes, and ideologies are shaped by a number of factors over time. In the same context, the regional affiliation affected voting. Peoples attitudes about government and politics can influence their decision to participate. Understanding the Voters Behavior as an Effort to Increase Social and economic analysis How a citizens living situation, weather, finances, or family issues affect their political behavior. WebFactors influencing women political participation: The case of the SADC region. The following video is the CNN News Report on the Los Angeles Riots, including Rodney Kings appeal to stop the violence. (6) of 2016 does not discriminate in voting between males and females (gender), young and old people (age), rich and poor (income), Jordanians and Palestinians who were granted the Jordanian nationality (regional affiliation). (2012), The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Letters and phone calls almost always receive some kind of a response from members of Congress. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? it was noted that the number of the students in the age group (18 less than 23) was a total of (654) included (427) participated in the voting with (65.3 per cent) in the same category. Verba, S. and Nie, N. (1978), Participation and Political Equality, University Press, Cambridge. Nahar, G. and Humaidan, R. (2013), The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Impact of race, ethnicity and immigration status on political The Senate alone receives an average of over four million e-mail messages per week and more than two hundred million e-mail messages per year (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). (1995) emphasized that there were three sources affecting political participation: time, money and social skills. Factors Affecting The Jordanian leadership responded and announced constitutional amendments in 2011. 2, pp. The election commission has the right to allow symbols to the political parties. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. (1995), Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, American Political Science Review, Vol. Nahar, G.S. Eberly, D. E., Americas Promise: Civil Society and the Renewal of American Culture (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998). The ratio of voting within the category (Palestinians) was low. They can create and post videos on behalf of or opposed to candidates. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. Moreover, the lack of fair distribution of resources and the concentration the wealth in the hands of businessmen, made them feel marginalized. This made them reluctant to vote in elections. In most cases, individuals must download the form, sign it, and mail it in. 1, pp. Atiyat, F. (2017), Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Scholars have argued that socio-economic factors, such as the numbers of graduate women (Hillygus, 2005) and women's participation in the labor force outside Dababneh, A.B. Lawless (2004), Atkeson (2003), and Koch (1997) emphasized on the impact of gender on political participation. (2018), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Journal of Representative Democracy, Vol. Childs, S. (2004), A British Gender Gap? An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. As female students voting was low. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in national and local elections. As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. The more the gender varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? So, the research problem is concerned with examining the impact of social and economic factors (gender, age, family Income, and regional affiliation) on voting of Jordanian university students in the elections. Plagiarism Prevention 4. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. The present study focuses on four factors: gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation. Privacy Policy 8. In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. Milbrath, L. W. and M. L. Goel, Political Participation, 2nd ed. The low voting turnout was with the young people group, especially university students. In addition, there was an age gap in voting in national and local elections, as young students voting was low. Beginning in the 1980s, some states, including Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, made it possible for people to register on Election Day. The law allowed all males and females as of 18years old to vote in elections (Article 3). However,thereareotherswho After reading this section, you should be able to answer the following questions: Americans have many options for taking part in politics, including voting, contacting public officials, campaigning, running for and holding office, protesting, and volunteering. 3, pp. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980). Individuals acquire political beliefs due to cultural factors, including their demographic characteristics and their experiences with family, friends, school, religion, and the media. Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. Almost 70 percent of high school students and young adults aged eighteen to thirty report that they have been involved in community activities (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 1998). WebThere are many social factors that affect the political attitude and behavior of the individual in this frame. Democrat Barack Obama, the first African American to be nominated by a major party, generated enthusiasm, especially among young people. Although the political participation base expanded in Jordan, youth remained reluctant to participate in elections. Moreover, it was known that in some countries, such as Jordan, Palestinian refugees have been granted the Jordanian nationality. 54 No. Do you think people who have committed serious crimes should be allowed to vote? There are many different ways that Americans can participate in politics, including voting, joining political parties, volunteering, contacting public officials, contributing money, working in campaigns, holding public office, protesting, and rioting. Huntington, S. and Nelson, J. 84-94. Voters in midterm elections choose all the members of the US House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate, along with office holders at the state and local levels. Protests involve unconventional, and sometimes unlawful, political actions that are undertaken in order to gain rewards from the political and economic system. A Purposive sample was taken from the three universities, (300) students per university (150 males and 150 females). FACTORS AFFECTING These activities may include voting, seeking information, discussing, attending public meetings, making financial contribution, communicating with representatives to become member in a political party, canvassing, speech writing, delivering speech, working in campaigns, competing for public and party offices, etc. For example, political participation includes Not filmed at all was an intoxicated King driving erratically, leading police on an eight-mile, high-speed chase through crowded streets. The right to participate is a defining feature of democratic political systems but is not fully exercised. Men vote more than females (Childs, 2004, p. 422). In this political system, participation by the individual in political activity is considered a virtue, a sign of political health and the best method of ensuring ones private interests. It can be concluded that the difference in age groups affects political participation. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. When we define political behaviour in such broad terms as any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy, then naturally both legitimate forms of political participation (such as voting in elections, activism in interest groups, or social movements) and illegitimate political activities (including terrorism, revolutions and coups detat) come under its purview. Turnout was lower in the 1980s and 1990s, when the political climate was less tumultuous. What motivated you to get involved? This role is partly expressive and partly instrumental. But, since the Palestinians feel unequal, and short of accessing basic services, such as education and health care; this resulted in their decline of voting in elections. 52 Nos 5/6, pp. It can be concluded that: The more the gender varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of male students. High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. They represented all segments of society: Al-Al Bayt University, which is located in the northern region of Jordan (14 colleges, 7,434 males and 9,809 females), the Jordanian University, which is located in the central region of Jordan (20 colleges, 12,716 males and 25086 females), the Mu'tah University, which is located in the southern region of Jordan (19 colleges, 7,614 males, Female 7,172). 1, pp. WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. Factors So, the Palestinians had the right to vote in Jordanian national and local elections. Both the processes help in increasing the extent of political communication which leads to greater political awareness. Moreover, political participation is a legitimate right for all citizens, their choice of the members of the government and the decision makers would influence their actions (Verba and Nie, 1978, p. 1). the USA estrangement about engagement in electoral campaigns and community participation. This ratio of the female students is less than that of male students. The reluctance of students to participate was attributed to their lack of interest in political issues and their poor involvement in community activities. (1993), Neighborhood poverty and African American politics, American Political Science Review, Vol. Moreover, some studies linked between democracy and active political participation, voting, participating in campaigning, and citizen protests. Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. There is no consensus among scholars whether to include in its definition illegal as well as legal activity, unsuccessful and successful attempts of influence and involuntary as well as voluntary action. This interest might take various forms such as support, rejection, protest or demonstration, etc. This means that the engagement of the individual at the different levels of the political system is a must. The reasons for the low voting ratio of less than 500 dinars category in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). This, in turn, made them reluctant to vote in the elections. The Watts riots in 1965 were the first of a number of civil disturbances in American cities. WebIn particular, the level of criminal violence greatly impacts 1) citizens decision to participate politi- cally, 2) their forms of participation, and 3) the logic of their vote choice. Online strategies have been used to organize demonstrations against the globalization policies of the World Trade Organization and the World Bank. In addition, political participation is voluntary activities, in which the individual participates in the selection of rulers, and formulates public policies, directly or indirectly. Many people take part in neighborhood, school, and religious associations. These amendments aimed at increasing the ratio of women's representation and voting, by granting equal rights for women to vote and run in elections, such as a quota in Parliament. Second: The more the age varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. Direct link to bhuiadna78's post What would happen if both, Posted a month ago. But this political apathy influences political participation it is not much clear and certain. 27 No. Leadership operates globally with explicit power to influence people in the dynamic context of society, including state politics, church relationships, and social events. Copyright 10. People take part in support activities on behalf of a cause, which can lead to greater involvement. The total number of students in the three universities was (177,516) students. 102 No. The ratio of participation varied among different age groups, such as young, adults and older people. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Civil society depends on social networks, based on trust and goodwill, that form between friends and associates and allow them to work together to achieve common goals. Where youth participatory mechanisms fail to have a substantive impact, they may still have important symbolic or signaling features. Solt, F. (2008), Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. The main reason for voting in the elections according to age was practicing the constitutional right. with (45.1 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23) and (24.8 per cent) for the age group (23 less than 30). Familys Impact on Individuals Political - ed Some people may be discouraged from running because the signature requirement seems daunting. 17 No. Atkeson (2003) indicated that the greater the involvement of women in the public sector, the more barriers of their political participation are broken. Some regions have an established culture of political participation. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Also, the ratio of women's political participation is low. However, most participants are not activists for these causes. According to conventional wisdom, education is supposed to increases civic skills and political knowledge that functions as the causal mechanisms triggering While one of the studies atrributed it to the negative perception of women regarding their role in leadership positions, their low self-confidence and lack of their equal rights with men (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215). (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). Today, students demonstrate to draw attention to causes. Also,somesocialfactorssuchastribalaffiliationaffectsstudentsvoting.Basedontheabove: 1, pp. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. Alelaimat, M.S. It says that blue collared workers are more likely to be affiliated with the Democratic party, and it says that the Southern region is more Republican. Co-operative activity. 1,7,27,29 The effects of these various factors suspected of influencing patient-reported outcomes have been evaluated using multiple The political landscape for many African nations does not provide the platforms where citizens can loudly and freely engage with the governments to harness democracy. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Some Palestinians have lived in Jordan since 1947 and 1967, they were granted the Jordanian nationality and the right to vote in the elections. The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. Another study asserted that there is a reluctance from young people to participate in voting, joining political parties and contributing to political campaigns (Homana, 2018, p. 40). Brooker (2013) concluded that in Australia, the ratio of youth participation in voting was low. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). A high-level overview of the processes by which individuals develop political values and beliefs. In addition to voting, people engage in a range of activities during campaigns. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). Lipsky, M., Protest as a Political Resource, American Political Science Review, December 1968, 1145. In addition, there are political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. The commission prepare electoral rolls and update the voters list from time to time. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. The nine factors influencing political participation are as follows: 1. These characteristics influence how It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. It can be concluded that: The more the family income varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the high-income students. Milbrath, op. They pointed out that the political participation of females has always been less than males. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik. More appropriately, determinants of political participation are those factors and forces that can affect or influence peoples participation in politics. - University of Minnesota The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. Thus, there was a gender gap between Jordanian university male and female universities students' voting in national and local elections. These groups are as diverse as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which supports animal rights, the Concord Coalition, which seeks to protect Social Security benefits, and the Aryan Nation, which promotes white supremacy. 6-18. Political participation is recently one of the important political topics, as it shows the citizens' interest in political issues within their society. Brady et al. and policies? - International Republican Institute At least ten states prohibit former felons from voting even after they have served their time. Far more people participate in politics by voting than by any other means. Webeducation, to political participation and to livelihoods, among other rights being bluntly violated. In addition, unemployment high rate of female makes them reluctant to vote in elections (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 574).
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