That is why exoticism has also been conceptualised as a form of cultural translation, namely the process by which one culture tries to make sense of another and not just their foreign language, but also their traditions, rituals and their entire way of life. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? Cultural translation denotes the transformative dynamic that is forged by the interaction of different cultures. 6588. B. Tauris. Bill Nicholss (1994: 16, 18) evocative description of film festivals as a new type of contact zone where cosmopolitan cinephiles can enjoy an abiding pleasure in the recognition of [cultural] differences reaffirms Chows argument that the encounter with the non-West is inevitably imagined in ethnographic terms. It is not suitable for many language pairs . xviixxii. Monstrous Ethiopians? Racial Attitudes and Exoticism in the Old English Sight & Sound, February, p. 68. <> 1997. One had to make a decision to be loyal to the author of the text, or to be loyal to the reader. Encompassing global art cinema as well as popular genre films and their transnational reception, world cinema is an amorphous and critically versatile concept that invites contestation and debate. Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. Meaning of exoticism in English exoticism noun [ U ] us / z.t.s.z m / uk / zt..s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country: the exoticism of the East SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Exceptional qualities, things and people Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. Definition of exoticism in the Definitions.net dictionary. Accessed 1 May. Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. I seek to show that through vision and touch, and the proximity of objects to bodies in domestic environments, goods from all over the world become part of the material culture of the seventeenth-century Netherlands. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, "Exoticism ." Close-ups of sizzling pans, steam rising from pots, the mixing of colourful herbs and spices seduce the spectator to experience with all of their senses the pleasures of Vietnamese, Taiwanese, Mexican or Indian cuisine and not just that but a whole way of life that inverts the current cultural terms of food preparation and consumption by returning anachronistically to an era before mass production in which we imagine that the food we eat is not only home-cooked but also reflects an emotional commitment of nurture and care, family values perceived to be rapidly disappearing in the West (Negra, 2002: 64) (Figure 2). However, to reserve this right for native critics and scholars would constitute a form of cultural essentialism that ultimately defeats world cinemas main attraction, namely, to offer windows onto other worlds. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. This is why I also think that Google Translate is not a perfect solution for translation at a professional level. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Yet rather than challenging the unequal power hierarchies implied in the ethnographers act of looking, in which non-Western cultures are invariably the object of the gaze, Fifth Generation Chinese filmmakers actively replicate the state of being looked at in their films (Chow, 1995: 180). However, the date of retrieval is often important. TWO APPROACHES TO A CATALOGUE RAISONN, In-Laws, Lawsuits and Money: Interpretations of Rembrandt van Rijn. Rubensbulletin V (2014), pp. It begins, if we agree with Chow, with filmmakers internalisation of the exotic gaze or, alternatively, their strategic performance of exotic Otherness to satisfy the expectations of Western critics, festival juries and audiences. I am, of course, not suggesting that all world cinema filmmakers perform exoticism. Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism. Yet for all its prodigious beauty, the films plot has ultimately remained obscure and impenetrable to all but the initiated (Bradshaw, 2016). <> Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. In A. Langer (Ed. Literal translation. To be sure, this does not normally apply to popular genre films predominantly targeting domestic viewers, although these sometimes become art films when exhibited abroad (Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 7) or, as the case of the wuxia pian (Chinese swordplay film) illustrates, are adopted by world cinema auteurs like Wong Kar-wai (Yi Dai Zong Shi/The Grandmaster, Hong Kong/China, 2013) and Hou Hsiao-hsien (Cike Nie Yin Niang/The Assassin, Taiwan/China/Hong Kong/France, 2015), who transform them into refined arthouse films. Much of contemporary world cinema is, in addition, also transnational in terms of its modes of global cultural production and funding. During the nineteenth century exotic gained the connotation of a stimulating or exciting difference, something with which the domestic could be (safely) spiced. The Assassin Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Wuxia Tale. 3. anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Papastergiadis, Nikos (2011). Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. "Exoticism The study of world cinema is one of the most vibrant and fastest growing areas in film studies. Finally, a more general consideration concerns the author's choice not to talk expressly about the question of, The final chapters are devoted to a critical examination of, This is especially regrettable, as it is of great interest with regard to musical, This article considers the 'pastoral mode' as a particular subspecies of musical. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF /Text]>>/Type/Page>> Her transnational appeal rests primarily on her ability to signify Chineseness, femininity and mystery outside her own culture. (LogOut/ When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. 2. exotic quality or character. That, and not just its film-music exoticisms, is what keeps it alive today. For these languages a sentence can only be correct if its words have consistent grammatical gender. London: Arnold, pp. Huggan, Graham. The fashionable Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, for example, had her portrait painted in a Turkish costume; the dissemination of stereotypes about the supposedly effeminate Orientals allowed her to appropriate the male garment of the turban without this being viewed as an act of cross-dressing. endobj And, to end with yet another disclaimer, I may have conveyed the impression that contemporary world cinema merely recycles the exotic iconography and narrative tropes of the past without actually innovating the aesthetic paradigm and its ideological trajectory. FRAGMENTARY INVENTORY OF DECEASED DISSIDENTS. E-Book Collections Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports. Framegrab. In most cases too, we find a country having several social/cultural diversities. exoticism translations: . exoticism in Traditional Chinese - Cambridge Dictionary Now, in a remarkable reversal of fortune, it is the West that points out what is outstanding and characteristically Chinese in artworks from China. 'x6cB2 `Me * The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. They conjure up ideas of a bountiful nature, fertility, and uninhibited sexuality. The term world cinema has been coined in analogy to Goethes conceptualisation of Weltliteratur (world literature) by which he meant not only foreign literature, but also the reception of domestic literature abroad as well as his own literary translations (Birus, 2004). This usually takes two forms: either discovering a common humanity that transcends cultural differences or recognising aesthetic forms and patterns familiar from European art cinema in world cinema. Although the dynamics of globalisation have profoundly changed the configurations of Self and Other and challenged the Western ethnographers authority to interpret the signifying systems of supposedly subordinate societies, according to Rey Chow (1995: 177), we still cannot write/think/talk the non-West in the academy without in some sense anthropologizing it. This explains why non-Western filmmakers are often expected to act as native informants and interpreters whose role it is to provide authentic accounts of their cultures of origin. <> Berghahn, 2017: 29). exoticism noun [ U ] uk / zt..s.z m / us / z.t.s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country the exoticism of the East Want to learn more? Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. by Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, Rubens and the bird of paradise. Exh.cat. Mulvey, Laura (1975). Europes Myths of Orient: Devise and Rule. To be sure, in addition to their visual allure, the exoticism of Raise the Red Lantern and several other of Zhangs films also rests on established narrative tropes, notably that of the exotic-erotic-enigmatic Asian woman, frequently represented as a concubine, geisha, prostitute or simply the suffering wife of a much older oppressive husband. ." Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. Khoo, Olivia (2007). Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. When I was studying at university in Germany (Germersheim), my professors often emphasized this point. Una experiencia donde el exotismo y la pasin hablan el mismo lenguaje. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. endobj For the twenty-first century, the experience of the exotic frequently thrives on an imitation of a ritual presumed to be authentic, involving an act of mimicry whose comic potential is easily glazed over. The meaning of EXOTICISM is the quality or state of being exotic. Forsdick, Charles (2001). While the term exotic denotes the imaginary qualities or essence of difference that are projected on to cultures as well as natural environments that are radically different from ones own, exoticism describes a particular representational strategy or, as Graham Huggan (2001: 13) writes in The Postcolonial Exotic, a mode of aesthetic perception [] which renders people, objects and places strange even as it domesticates them, and which effectively manufactures otherness even as it claims to surrender to its immanent mystery. In order for exoticism to enable the kind of imaginative investment that replaces cultural authenticity with the construction of an idealised (or, conversely, threatening) form of alterity, it needs to traverse spatial (and frequently also temporal) distances, as well as cultural and/or national borders. The translation of items (words and phrases) which are specific to one culture from a Source Language expressing that culture (the Source Culture) into a Target Language expressing another. Bhabha, Homi. Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges, (Agnes Ethering Art Centre, Kingston ON; Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton AB; MacKenzie Gallery, Regina SK; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton ON; Vereniging van Nederlandse Kunsthistorici, Saul in Story and Tradition (Series Forschungen Zum Alten Testament), Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art vol. The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. Damrosch, David (2003) What Is World Literature? . Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia, Golahny, Amy: Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history.. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. Most critics in the West denounce exotic cinema and its commodification of cultural difference as unethical and exploitative. Exoticism demonstrates itself in colorful spectacles of otherness purporting to be an unmediated expression of natural drives and instincts. 1 [1. (2000). % Fantasy, mans capacity to give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name, has long intrigued poets, playwrights, and painters, ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. Exoticism Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia.com. Thus, the kind of world cinema under consideration here is also known as global art cinema and conceived with global cinephiles rather than local mainstream audiences in mind.1, This raises the question of how global art cinema squares the circle of conveying a sense of local authenticity (one of the main attractions world cinema holds in store) while being simultaneously intelligible and appealing across different cultures. She regards fiction films such as Chen Kaiges Huang tu di (Yellow Earth, China, 1984) and Zhang Yimous award-winning Ju Dou (China/Japan, 1990) and Dahong Denglong Gaogao gua (Raise the Red Lantern, China/Hong Kong/Taiwan, 1991) as a new type of ethnography practiced by those who were previously ethnographized and who have, in the postcolonial age, taken up the active task of ethnographizing their own cultures (Chow, 1995: 180). Like world cinema, exoticism is a travelling concept that depends on mobility and the crossing of cultural boundaries to come into existence. However, I did not fully identify what that means. Keywords: modulation, naturalness, equivalence Introduction It has been understood by translators that translating a text is not just a matter of finding the correct words in the TL, and using the correct TL grammar. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Art History Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding Chapter Overview APA . (PDF) Language ideology and the presence of calques in Romanian Khoo, 2007: 6; Heung, 1997). Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Exoteric-Esoteric (Kenmitsu) Buddhism in Japan, Expanded Food Nutrition and Education Program, Expanding Educational Opportunities for the Masses, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, Transculturation and Religion: An Overview. In Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination. This would surely represent an untenable homogenisation of world cinemas actual diversity. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism.